Kamlet-Taft solvent parameters, α (hydrogen bond donor),
β (hydrogen bond acceptor), and π
*
(polarizability).
The values of α have been set to 0 for solvents that are assumed to be unable to donate hydrogen bonds.
This is the main reason it differs from other measures of hydrogen bond acidity, e.g. E
T and AN.
Sometimes a "polarity correction term" (fudge factor), δ, is also used.
For aromatics δ=1.0, for polychlorinated compounds δ=0.5, and for all other solvents δ=0.0 .
α is correlated with
→Dimroth-Reichardt ET
(
→ET vs α) and
→Gutmann AN
(
→AN vs α).
β is correlated with
→Gutmann DN
(
→DN vs β) except for amines and sulfides.
π
* is correlated with
→Catalán SPP
(
→SPP vs π*).
| Name | α | β | π* |
|---|
| tetradecafluorohexane | 0.00 | -0.08 | -0.41 |
| perfluoro(methylcyclohexane) | 0.00 | -0.06 | -0.40 |
| octadecafluoronaphthalene | 0.00 | -0.05 | -0.32 |
| 1-chlorobutane | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.39 |
| decane | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 |
| dodecane | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.05 |
| 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol | 1.96 | 0.00 | 0.65 |
| 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol | 1.51 | 0.00 | 0.73 |
| trans-1,2-dichloroethene | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.44 |
| diiodomethane | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.65 |
| 1,2-dibromoethane | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.75 |
| hexane | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.04 |
| cyclohexane | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| octane | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.49 |
| 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.95 |
| dibromomethane | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.92 |
| pentane | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.08 |
| heptane | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.08 |
| 2-methylbutane | 0.00 | 0.01 | -0.08 |
| tetramethylsilane | 0.00 | 0.02 | -0.09 |
| hexafluorobenzene | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.33 |
| 1,3-dichlorobenzene | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.75 |
| 1,2-dichlorobenzene | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.80 |
| 1,4-difluorobenzene | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.58 |
| trichloroethene | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.53 |
| tetrachloroethene | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.28 |
| tribromomethane | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.62 |
| nitromethane | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.85 |
| bromobenzene | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.79 |
| iodobenzene | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.81 |
| carbon disulfide | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.61 |
| fluorobenzene | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.62 |
| chlorobenzene | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.71 |
| cis-decalin | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.11 |
| trichloromethane | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.58 |
| dichloromethane | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.82 |
| tetrachloromethane | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.28 |
| 1,1-dichloroethane | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.48 |
| benzene | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.59 |
| 1,2-dichloroethane | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.81 |
| toluene | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.54 |
| 1,3-dimethylbenzene | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.47 |
| 1,4-dimethylbenzene | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.43 |
| diphenyl ether | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.66 |
| 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.41 |
| 1-bromobutane | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.50 |
| pentafluoropyridine | 0.00 | 0.16 | 0.53 |
| 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate | 0.76 | 0.20 | 0.99 |
| 1-iodobutane | 0.00 | 0.23 | 0.47 |
| 3-chlorophenol | 1.57 | 0.23 | 0.77 |
| 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide | 0.62 | 0.24 | 0.98 |
| ethyl trichloroacetate | 0.00 | 0.25 | 0.61 |
| 1-hexyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]azanide | 0.65 | 0.25 | 0.98 |
| 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate | 0.70 | 0.26 | 1.03 |
| 3-methyl-1-octyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]azanide | 0.97 | 0.28 | 0.97 |
| 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide | 0.76 | 0.28 | 0.90 |
| acetic anhydride | 0.00 | 0.29 | 0.76 |
| 2-cyanopyridine | 0.00 | 0.29 | 1.20 |
| nitrobenzene | 0.00 | 0.30 | 1.01 |
| ethoxybenzene | 0.00 | 0.30 | 0.69 |
| phenol | 1.65 | 0.30 | 0.72 |
| methoxybenzene | 0.00 | 0.32 | 0.73 |
| chloroacetonitrile | 0.00 | 0.34 | 1.01 |
| 4-methylphenol | 1.64 | 0.34 | 0.68 |
| dimethyl sulfide | 0.00 | 0.34 | 0.57 |
| 3-methylphenol | 1.13 | 0.34 | 0.68 |
| 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium dicyanoazanide | 0.53 | 0.35 | 1.08 |
| ethyl chloroacetate | 0.00 | 0.35 | 0.70 |
| thiane | 0.00 | 0.36 | 0.61 |
| ethyl formate | 0.00 | 0.36 | 0.61 |
| benzonitrile | 0.00 | 0.37 | 0.90 |
| dioxane | 0.00 | 0.37 | 0.55 |
| methyl formate | 0.00 | 0.37 | 0.62 |
| diethyl sulfide | 0.00 | 0.37 | 0.46 |
| formic acid | 1.23 | 0.38 | 0.65 |
| diisopropyl sulfide | 0.00 | 0.38 | 0.36 |
| di-n-butyl sulfide | 0.00 | 0.38 | 0.36 |
| sulfolane | 0.00 | 0.39 | 0.98 |
| propanenitrile | 0.00 | 0.39 | 0.71 |
| diethyl carbonate | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.45 |
| bis(2-chloroethyl) ether | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.82 |
| 2-chloroaniline | 0.25 | 0.40 | 0.83 |
| 4-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.83 |
| butanenitrile | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.71 |
| bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.64 |
| acetonitrile | 0.19 | 0.40 | 0.75 |
| 1,2-dimethoxyethane | 0.00 | 0.41 | 0.53 |
| dibenzyl ether | 0.00 | 0.41 | 0.80 |
| ethyl benzoate | 0.00 | 0.41 | 0.74 |
| 2-phenylacetonitrile | 0.00 | 0.41 | 1.00 |
| 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium perchlorate | 0.56 | 0.41 | 1.11 |
| methyl acetate | 0.00 | 0.42 | 0.60 |
| N,N-dimethylaniline | 0.00 | 0.43 | 0.73 |
| 2-propanone | 0.08 | 0.43 | 0.71 |
| thiolane | 0.00 | 0.44 | 0.62 |
| acetic acid | 1.12 | 0.45 | 0.64 |
| 1,3-dioxolane | 0.00 | 0.45 | 0.69 |
| heptanoic acid | 1.20 | 0.45 | 0.50 |
| hexanoic acid | 1.22 | 0.45 | 0.52 |
| pentanoic acid | 1.19 | 0.45 | 0.54 |
| butyl acetate | 0.00 | 0.45 | 0.46 |
| 3-pentanone | 0.00 | 0.45 | 0.72 |
| butanoic acid | 1.10 | 0.45 | 0.56 |
| propanoic acid | 1.12 | 0.45 | 0.58 |
| ethyl acetate | 0.00 | 0.45 | 0.55 |
| dipropyl ether | 0.00 | 0.46 | 0.27 |
| dibutyl ether | 0.00 | 0.46 | 0.27 |
| 1-butyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium trifluoromethanesulfonate | 0.63 | 0.46 | 1.01 |
| diethyl ether | 0.00 | 0.47 | 0.27 |
| water | 1.17 | 0.47 | 1.09 |
| N-methylaniline | 0.17 | 0.47 | 0.82 |
| formamide | 0.71 | 0.48 | 0.97 |
| 2-heptanone | 0.05 | 0.48 | 0.61 |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone | 0.02 | 0.48 | 0.65 |
| 2-butanone | 0.06 | 0.48 | 0.67 |
| diisopropyl ether | 0.00 | 0.49 | 0.27 |
| oxolan-2-one | 0.00 | 0.49 | 0.87 |
| acetophenone | 0.04 | 0.49 | 0.90 |
| aniline | 0.26 | 0.50 | 0.73 |
| 1,2,3-propanetriol | 1.21 | 0.51 | 0.62 |
| 2-fluoropyridine | 0.00 | 0.51 | 0.84 |
| 2-pentanone | 0.00 | 0.52 | 0.65 |
| ethanediol | 0.90 | 0.52 | 0.92 |
| benzyl alcohol | 0.60 | 0.52 | 0.98 |
| cyclopentanone | 0.00 | 0.52 | 0.76 |
| cyclohexanone | 0.00 | 0.53 | 0.76 |
| 2-chloroethanol | 1.28 | 0.53 | 0.46 |
| 2-bromopyridine | 0.00 | 0.53 | 1.00 |
| oxane | 0.00 | 0.54 | 0.51 |
| tetrahydrofuran | 0.00 | 0.55 | 0.58 |
| 3-phenylpropanol | 0.53 | 0.55 | 0.95 |
| 3-bromopyridine | 0.00 | 0.60 | 0.89 |
| 2-phenylethanol | 0.64 | 0.61 | 0.88 |
| tributylamine | 0.00 | 0.62 | 0.16 |
| quinoline | 0.00 | 0.64 | 0.92 |
| N,N-dimethylbenzylamine | 0.00 | 0.64 | 0.45 |
| dimethylcyanamide | 0.00 | 0.64 | 0.72 |
| pyridine | 0.00 | 0.64 | 0.87 |
| methanol | 0.98 | 0.66 | 0.60 |
| 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate | 0.48 | 0.66 | 1.13 |
| 4-methylpyridine | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.84 |
| N,N-dimethylformamide | 0.00 | 0.69 | 0.88 |
| pyrrolidine | 0.16 | 0.70 | 0.39 |
| morpholine | 0.29 | 0.70 | 0.39 |
| diethylamine | 0.30 | 0.70 | 0.24 |
| 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexyl sulfate | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.98 |
| triethylamine | 0.00 | 0.71 | 0.14 |
| butylamine | 0.00 | 0.72 | 0.31 |
| ethanol | 0.86 | 0.75 | 0.54 |
| dimethyl sulfoxide | 0.00 | 0.76 | 1.00 |
| N,N-dimethylacetamide | 0.00 | 0.76 | 0.88 |
| 2,6-dimethylpyridine | 0.00 | 0.76 | 0.80 |
| N-methylpyrrolidone | 0.00 | 0.77 | 0.92 |
| trimethyl phosphate | 0.00 | 0.77 | 0.72 |
| 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium octyl sulfate | 0.65 | 0.77 | 0.93 |
| 2-pyrrolidone | 0.36 | 0.77 | 0.85 |
| triethyl phosphate | 0.00 | 0.77 | 0.72 |
| dimethyl phthalate | 0.00 | 0.78 | 0.82 |
| 3,4-dimethylpyridine | 0.00 | 0.78 | 0.73 |
| N,N-diethylacetamide | 0.00 | 0.78 | 0.84 |
| N-methylacetamide | 0.47 | 0.80 | 1.01 |
| 2-butanol | 0.69 | 0.80 | 0.40 |
| N-methylformamide | 0.62 | 0.80 | 0.90 |
| N,N,N',N'-tetramethylurea | 0.00 | 0.80 | 0.83 |
| tributyl phosphate | 0.00 | 0.80 | 0.65 |
| octanol | 0.77 | 0.81 | 0.40 |
| thiolane-1-oxide | 0.00 | 0.81 | 1.06 |
| decanol | 0.70 | 0.82 | 0.45 |
| 2-methyl-1-propanol | 0.79 | 0.84 | 0.40 |
| cyclohexanol | 0.66 | 0.84 | 0.45 |
| hexanol | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.40 |
| N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine | 0.00 | 0.84 | 0.23 |
| 2-propanol | 0.76 | 0.84 | 0.48 |
| butanol | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.47 |
| pentanol | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.40 |
| 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine | 0.00 | 0.86 | 0.76 |
| 3-methyl-1-butanol | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.40 |
| 2-propen-1-ol | 0.84 | 0.90 | 0.52 |
| propanol | 0.84 | 0.90 | 0.52 |
| 2-methyl-2-butanol | 0.28 | 0.93 | 0.40 |
| 2-methyl-2-propanol | 0.42 | 0.93 | 0.41 |
| 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate | 0.40 | 0.95 | 1.09 |
| piperidine | 0.00 | 1.04 | 0.30 |
| hexamethylphosphoramide | 0.00 | 1.05 | 0.87 |
| 1,2-diaminoethane | 0.13 | 1.43 | 0.47 |
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