A practical guide to structural analysis of carbohydrates

Reagents

Acetic acid
HOAc ,CH3COOH , 100%=17.4M, Mw=60.04g/mol, d=1.05g/mL
Acetic anhydride
Ac2O ,(CH3CO)2O , 100%=10.6M, Mw=102.1g/mol, d=1.08g/mL
Acetonitrile
CH3CN , Mw=41.05g/mol, d=0.78g/mL
Acetyl chloride
AcCl ,CH3COCl , 100%=17.5M, Mw=79.49g/mol, d=1.104g/mL
Ammonia
NH3(aq)
Ammonia, 1M
1 mL 25% NH3 + 12.4 mL H2O
Ammonium molybdate, tetrahydrate
(NH4)6Mo7O24 x4 H2O , Mw 1235.86g/mol
Ascorbic acid
C6H8O6 , Mw=176.12g/mol
Borane 4-methylmorpholine complex
Mw=114.98g/mol (Aldrich 26,232-3)
Chloroform
CHCl3 , Mw=119.38g/mol, d=1.492g/mL, Bp=61°
Copper sulphate, anhydrous
CuSO4 , Mw=159.60g/mol
2,2-Dimethoxypropane
CH3C(OCH3)2CH3 , Mw=104.15g/mol, d=0.847g/mL, Bp=83°
Dimsyl sodium, 2M
CH3SOCH2 --Na+
Ethanol
EtOH ,CH3CH2OH
Ethyl acetate
EtOAc , CH3COOC2H5
N-ethyl-N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride
Mw=191.71g/mol
Ethylene glycol (ethandiol)
C2H4(OH)2 , Mw=62.07g/mol, d=1.11, 18M
Hydrochloric acid
HCl(aq)
Hydrochloric acid, 4M
1 mL conc. HCl(aq) + 2mL water
Hydrogen chloride
HCl(g)
Hydrogen chloride, 1M in methanol
Add 0.71 mL acetyl chloride to 9.29 mL methanol.
Hydrogen fluoride
HF , Mw=20.01g/mol, Bp 19°
Lithium borohydride
LiBH4 , Mw=21.79g/mol
Methanol
MeOH , CH3OH
Methyl iodide
MeI , CH3I , Mw=141.93, 100%=16.1M
2-(4-Morpholino-)ethanesulfonic acid (MES)
Mw=213.26g/mol
2-(4-Morpholino-)ethanesulfonic acid, 0.2M
42 mg/mL gives 0.2M
Perchloric acid
HClO4
Phosphate buffer, pH 5.8
Stock solution
using potassium dihydrogen phosphate, KH2PO4
Take 252 mg per 10 mL for a 200 mM final concentration of buffer.
using disodium hydrogen phosphate, Na2HPO4
Take 20.3 mg per 10 mL for a 200 mM final concentration of buffer.
One part of stock solution is diluted tenfold before use.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
KH2PO4 , Mw 136.09
Pyridine
C5H5N
Silver carbonate
Ag2CO3 , Mw=275.75g/mol
Sodium borohydride,
NaBH4 , Mw=37.83g/mol
Sodium borohydride, 0.25M in 1M NH3(aq)
10mg NaBH4 in 10mL 1 M NH3(aq)
Keep at all times in refrigerator
Sodium carbonate
Na2CO3
Sodium hydroxide
NaOH , Mw=40.00g/mol
Sodium hydroxide, 4M
16g/100mL - mix with ~80mL ice, then add water to 100mL
Sodium periodate
NaIO4 , Mw=213.9g/mol
Sodium periodate, 30mM
Take 64 mg and dissolve in 10 mL water
Sodium potassium tartrate
NaKC4H4O6
Sodium thiosulfate,
Na2S2O3 x5 H2O , Mw=248.18g/mol
Sodium thiosulfate, 1 M,
Dissolve 15.8g penta-hydrate in 100mL water
Sulphuric acid, conc.
H2SO4 , 95-98%, d=1.84g/mL, 18.8M
Sulphuric acid, 3M
Take 1 volume conc H2SO4 and 5 volumes of water
Superhydride, (Lithium triethyl borohydride)
LiB(C2H5)3H , 1M in tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydrofurane, THF
C4H8O , Mw=72.11g/mol, d=0.88g/mL
Toluene
C6H5CH3
Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)
CF3COOH , 100%=13.1M, Mw=114.00g/mol
Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 0.5M
1 mL 100% TFA + 25 mL H2O
Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 2M
1 mL 100% TFA + 5.5 mL H2O